PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF KAPARDA BHASMA IN SPERMATOGENESIS W.S.R. TO OLIGOSPERMIA

Background: In Male infertility, oligospermia characterized by reduced sperm concentration, is one of its major contributing factors. Impaired spermatogenesis may be associated with oxidative stress, altered testicular function and disturbances in the reproductive system. Ayurveda describes Shukra as an important component of the reproductive system and considers nourishment and proper formation of Shukra Dhatu essential for reproductive health. Vrishya, Rasayana and Shukrajanana approaches are therefore important in the management of disorders associated with diminished reproductive capacity. Kaparda, a calcium-containing mineral drug, is described in Rasashastra literature and is processed into Kaparda Bhasma for therapeutic application. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pharmaceutical, analytical and experimental aspects of Kaparda Bhasma and to assess its potential effect on spermatogenesis in an experimental model of oligospermia. Materials and Methods: Kaparda Bhasma was prepared by following classical pharmaceutical procedures, including Shodhana and Marana, and subjected to classical Bhasma Pariksha and contemporary analytical investigations. The experimental study was conducted in Wistar albino rats, in which oligospermia was experimentally induced using cyclophosphamide. The effect of Kaparda Bhasma was assessed using relevant reproductive parameters, including sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and reproductive organ weights. Results: The prepared Kaparda Bhasma exhibited characteristics consistent with properly prepared Bhasma. Experimental administration of Kaparda Bhasma showed improvement in selected sperm parameters and reproductive indices in oligospermic rats when compared with the corresponding control group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Kaparda Bhasma have a beneficial influence on spermatogenesis in the experimental model of oligospermia. The study provides a basis for correlating the classical Ayurvedic concept of Vrishya action with experimentally observed Spermatogenic effects.