De Tempore Luminis v6.1: Eternal Universe Without Big Bang

We propose Eternal Recycling Principle without Big Bang: $T_0 \leftrightarrow M_T \leftrightarrow E_T \leftrightarrow T_0$. $T_0 = N_0$ is Nothingness singularity = time at $v_T=c$, not infinite density. Universe forms continuously inside Living Moments $T_L$, expands, returns to $T_0$, re-emerges. No $t=0$, no initial singularity. We derive Friedmann-like equation $H^2 = 8\pi G_N \rho_{Nothon}/3 + \Lambda_N/3$ reproducing $\Lambda$CDM expansion but without Big Bang. We explain CMB as equilibrium glow of $T_0 \rightarrow T_L$ Nothon transition at $2.7$K, and solve Tolman entropy problem via $S(T_0)=0$. Accelerating expansion is $R_{birth} > R_{death}$. Comparison with Penrose CCC and bouncing models shows continuous recycling everywhere, every moment, vs cyclic aeons.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23038909
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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De Tempore Luminis v6.1: Eternal Universe Without Big Bang

Khalid Masood
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

De Tempore Luminis v6.1: Eternal Universe Without Big Bang

Khalid Masood
article en

Abstract

We propose Eternal Recycling Principle without Big Bang: $T_0 \leftrightarrow M_T \leftrightarrow E_T \leftrightarrow T_0$. $T_0 = N_0$ is Nothingness singularity = time at $v_T=c$, not infinite density. Universe forms continuously inside Living Moments $T_L$, expands, returns to $T_0$, re-emerges. No $t=0$, no initial singularity. We derive Friedmann-like equation $H^2 = 8\pi G_N \rho_{Nothon}/3 + \Lambda_N/3$ reproducing $\Lambda$CDM expansion but without Big Bang. We explain CMB as equilibrium glow of $T_0 \rightarrow T_L$ Nothon transition at $2.7$K, and solve Tolman entropy problem via $S(T_0)=0$. Accelerating expansion is $R_{birth} > R_{death}$. Comparison with Penrose CCC and bouncing models shows continuous recycling everywhere, every moment, vs cyclic aeons.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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