The Impact of Global Supply Chain Disruption on Manufacturing and Service Industries: An Empirical Comparative Study

Purpose: This study examines the multi-dimensional impacts of global supply chain disruptions across seven SCM domains and compares risk vulnerabilities between manufacturing and service industries.Methods: Based on survey data from 385 firms in China, non-parametric analyses were conducted following non-normality confirmation to evaluate disruption effects and inter-industry differences.Results: Global disruptions degraded six SCM domains, most severely logistics and supply management, while sustainability management uniquely improved. Manufacturing industry faced significantly higher risks in supply and logistics management than service industry due to physical supply chain dependencies. The remaining five domains showed no inter-industry differences, representing universal threats.Conclusion: This study shows that manufacturing and service industries experience supply chain crises differently due to their core business models. Manufacturing relies heavily on physical materials and global shipping, making it vulnerable to supply shortages and delivery delays. In contrast, service firms deal with intangible resources and can maintain operations using digital tools and local networks. Therefore, crisis management strategies must fit each industry's specific structure.