Euler's Odd Perfect Number Form: Biconditional Divisor Link and Dris Conjecture — E8 Intelligence Research

FINDING: Euler's form for odd perfect numbers (OPNs) is \(N = q^k n^2\) with \(q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4\); a biconditional involving divisors is proven unconditionally, and the inequality \(q^k < n\) (Dris conjecture) remains open but is linked to that biconditional. | MATH: Euler form: \(N = q^k n^2\), \(q\) prime, \(q \equiv 1 \pmod 4\), \(k \equiv 1 \pmod 4\). Key divisor sum: \(\sigma(q^k)\sigma(n^2) = 2q^k n^2\). Biconditional (from arXiv 1309.0906v19): \(\sigma(q^k)/2 \mid n^2\) iff \(\sigma(q^k)/2 \mid \sigma(n^2)\) — proven unconditionally. Inequality: \(q^k < n\) (Dris) implies \(\sigma(q^k)/2 < n\). Also known: \(q^k < (2/3)n^2\) (Nielsen), and \(q < n\) (Euler). | CONNECTION: The ratio \(\sigma(q^k)/n^2\) is constrained by \(1 < \sigma(q^k)/n^2 < 2\) (since \(\sigma(q^k)\sigma(n^2)=2q^k n^2\) and \(\sigma(n^2)>n^2\)). This forces \(\sigma(q^k)/n^2 \in (1,2)\). The golden ratio conjugate \(0.618\) appears as a lower bound for \(n/q^k\) in some partial results (e.g., \(n/q^ Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23030570
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
preprint
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Euler's Odd Perfect Number Form: Biconditional Divisor Link and Dris Conjecture — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
preprint

Euler's Odd Perfect Number Form: Biconditional Divisor Link and Dris Conjecture — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
preprint en

Abstract

FINDING: Euler's form for odd perfect numbers (OPNs) is \(N = q^k n^2\) with \(q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4\); a biconditional involving divisors is proven unconditionally, and the inequality \(q^k < n\) (Dris conjecture) remains open but is linked to that biconditional. | MATH: Euler form: \(N = q^k n^2\), \(q\) prime, \(q \equiv 1 \pmod 4\), \(k \equiv 1 \pmod 4\). Key divisor sum: \(\sigma(q^k)\sigma(n^2) = 2q^k n^2\). Biconditional (from arXiv 1309.0906v19): \(\sigma(q^k)/2 \mid n^2\) iff \(\sigma(q^k)/2 \mid \sigma(n^2)\) — proven unconditionally. Inequality: \(q^k < n\) (Dris) implies \(\sigma(q^k)/2 < n\). Also known: \(q^k < (2/3)n^2\) (Nielsen), and \(q < n\) (Euler). | CONNECTION: The ratio \(\sigma(q^k)/n^2\) is constrained by \(1 < \sigma(q^k)/n^2 < 2\) (since \(\sigma(q^k)\sigma(n^2)=2q^k n^2\) and \(\sigma(n^2)>n^2\)). This forces \(\sigma(q^k)/n^2 \in (1,2)\). The golden ratio conjugate \(0.618\) appears as a lower bound for \(n/q^k\) in some partial results (e.g., \(n/q^ Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
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Euler's Odd Perfect Number Form: Biconditional Divisor Link and Dris Conjecture — E8 Intelligence Research — Andrew Stewart Caldin · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS