Healing from nature: the psychological experiences of LGBTQIA+ middle-aged and older adults through forest bathing

As the global population ages, middle-aged and older individuals face increasing mental health challenges, often exacerbated by ageism and social isolation. LGBTQIA+ older adults, in particular, experience compounded vulnerabilities due to both age and sexual or gender minority status, leading to heightened psychological distress and limited access to inclusive care. Despite this, there is a lack of culturally relevant, non-clinical interventions targeting their well-being, especially in Southeast Asia. Nature-based practices such as forest bathing offer promising alternatives, yet little is known about their psychological effects on LGBTQIA+ aging populations or their integration within public services. Our study aimed to explore the psychological experiences of LGBTQIA+ middle-aged and older adults who participated in forest bathing in Thailand, and evaluate a forest bathing program implemented in community-based organizations. We used a qualitative design with focus group discussions involving 24 LGBTQIA+ adults aged 50 years and older who completed nine forest bathing sessions. Four post program focus groups were conducted, supported by field notes, personal journals, and LINE group posts. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with open coding and iterative review and refinement of codes and themes. Data triangulation across multiple sources and peer debriefing were used to enhance trustworthiness. Thematic analysis revealed seven key psychological experiences: (1) mental well-being, (2) physical well-being, (3) coping and emotional management, (4) valuing LGBTQ+ identity, (5) perceived social support, (6) environmental conservation awareness, and (7) deep communication and connection. Participants also evaluated the program strengths and provided suggestions for program improvement. Forest bathing represents a promising, inclusive strategy for promoting psychological well-being among LGBTQIA+ older adults. The study offers insights for integrating such interventions into public health services for marginalized aging populations. This study was retrospectively registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) under the registration number TCTR20240929005, registered on 29 September 2024.