Old age Issues in Urban Societies: An Indian Scenario

India is undergoing a significant demographic transition in the contemporary age. It is characterised by anincreasing proportion of the elderly population due to improvements in healthcare facilities, declining fertilityrates, and increased life expectancy. The growth of the old age population shows social and economic progress;however, it also creates significant challenges for individuals, families and policymakers. Elderly peopleface several difficulties in both rural and urban settings, such as poor health, social isolation, financial insecurity,psychological strain, and depression. The joint family system in society, which has traditionally providedsupport and care for elderly members, is gradually declining. The tradition of the joint family system isdecreasing, and the prevalence of the nuclear family system is increasing in contemporary times. Furthermore,rapid urbanisation and migration have also influenced the living conditions and well-being of older people.Rural-urban disparities also intensify these challenges, more specifically social connections, emotional support,and healthcare accessibility. The Government of India has introduced several policies, programmes andaction plans to improve the overall well-being, care and welfare of elderly people in both rural and urbansociety. This paper explores the major socio-economic, health-related, and psychological problems faced byelderly people. In addition, it also highlights the comprehensive and integrated policy framework that promotesbetter health, social inclusion and dignity among the elderly people. These measures can help in transformingthe old age population from a social challenge to an opportunity for inclusive development.