From data-driven analysis to system development: A framework for developing an ease-of-disassembly evaluation system based on experimental data and multi-source text

Existing ease-of-disassembly evaluation systems are increasingly challenged by the high integration and multi-layered structural characteristics of electronic products, such as smartphones and tablets. Many existing approaches rely heavily on expert judgement and outcome-oriented metrics, whilst lacking sufficient support from disassembly process data, which limits their interpretability and applicability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a systematic, data-driven framework for developing ease-of-disassembly evaluation systems for electronic products. A candidate indicator pool is first constructed by integrating multi-source text data from academic literature, policy documents, and industry forums. Standardized disassembly experiments are then conducted to collect process data and identify representative disassembly scenarios. Based on these data sources, a three-pathway indicator screening strategy integrating data analysis, scenario cases, and mechanism-based judgement is developed to establish a multi-level ease-of-disassembly indicator system. Subsequently, indicator quantification rules and a subjective–objective hybrid weighting method are employed to construct a computable and interpretable evaluation model. The proposed framework is instantiated and validated through a smartphone case study. Four representative smartphone models are evaluated, and the results demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively distinguish ease-of-disassembly performance, identify disassembly bottlenecks, and support targeted design improvements. A comparative analysis with the time-based eDiM method further shows that the proposed approach provides stronger capability in bottleneck diagnosis, causal explanation, and improvement guidance. The proposed framework provides a practical and extensible basis for supporting disassembly-oriented product design and sustainable end-of-life management of electronic products.