THE FAMILIAL HEREDITARY LINKED GENES (BRCA1 & BRCA2) IN FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES OF PROSTATIC CANCER PATIENTS ATTENDING UROLOGY DEPARTMENT OF KOSTI TEACHING HOSPITAL FROM 1.2.2023 TO 1.8.2023

Introduction: Carcinoma of the prostate is a critical public health problem in Sudan, and its spectrum my encountered from serious complications up to death with chronic disability to families, and a major challenge on health incomes. Inherited variants in particular genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for some cases of hereditary prostate cancer. Men with variants in these genes have a high risk of developing prostate cancer and, in some cases, other cancers during their lifetimes. Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study which was performed in Kosti city-White Nile State- Sudan. 200 Sudanese candidates whom are first degree relatives for prostatic cancer patients randomly selected from urology department of Kosti Teaching Hospital in the period between 1.2.2023 and 1.8.2023. Candidates were further categorized into cases and controls, 100 and 100 respectively. A brief description for the aim of the study was explained to the patients, and verbal consent was obtained. Questionnaire was filled by demographic, oncological and clinical data for each patient. The data was collected, and analyzed by statistical package, blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted and processed accordingly. Results: A large majority of participants were wild-type for both genes, with 88% showing no BRCA1 mutation and 80% showing no BRCA2 mutation. Heterozygous mutations were found in 10% of participants for BRCA1 and 16% for BRCA2, showing a higher prevalence of BRCA2 involvement in this population. Pathogenic or homozygous mutations were rare, occurring in only 2% for BRCA1 and 4% for BRCA2.In context of the clinical correlates of BRCA mutation status,the mean age was significantly lower among BRCA mutation carriers (53.8 vs. 55.6 years, p = 0.03), suggesting that mutations may be linked to earlier disease onset. Conclusion: The findings confirm that inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 contribute significantly to familial prostate cancer susceptibility and influence disease aggressiveness, earlier age of onset, and clinical outcomes.