The Use of Immersive Virtual Technologies for Public Engagement: State-of-Practice Review of US State Departments of Transportation

As transportation agencies seek to improve communication for complex projects, immersive virtual technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and three-dimensional visualization are emerging as powerful tools to reimagine public engagement. However, there is a lack of literature covering the use of this technology for transportation and for various projects currently using this technology. This study assesses the current state-of-practice, challenges, and opportunities for using immersive tools in public engagement processes. A two-stage study design was employed, beginning with the distribution of a state-of-practice survey to Departments of Transportation, consulting firms, and universities, followed by in-depth interviews with respondents who had experience implementing virtual immersive technology for transportation projects. With 33 survey responses and nine follow-up interviews, the findings revealed that immersive virtual technologies are primarily used for public engagement and enhance communication, increase public understanding, and reduce public opposition. Some current obstacles to wider adoption include limited funding and resources, inconsistent technology platforms, and a lack of quantitative metrics. However, several agencies have shown us that this technology can be scaled to fit project needs and may save money by speeding up permitting and reducing delays. While immersive tools show strong potential to transform public involvement in transportation, further research, standardized evaluation methods, and internal capacity building are needed to support broader and more effective implementation. Immersive technology is changing how we connect with the public, and this study helps move the technology forward.