Pandemic, Vulnerability, and the Reorganization of Human Life: A Humanitarian Reading of Nicola Griffith's Ammonite and Kim Stanley Robinson's The Years of Rice and Salt.

Abstract Nicola Griffith’s Ammonite (1992) and Kim Stanley Robinson’s The Years of Rice and Salt (2002) represent pandemic as more than a medical catastrophe: in both novels, epidemic becomes a historical and ethical rupture that exposes the structures through which human life is valued, organized, and reproduced. Griffith works primarily at the scale of the body and the community, using the pandemic on Jeep to unsettle conventional relationships among gender, reproduction, scientific authority, individual autonomy, and collective belonging. Robinson expands the consequences of plague to the scale of population and civilization, using demographic collapse to challenge Eurocentric accounts of historical progress while demonstrating that the disappearance of one dominant power does not automatically produce a more humane world. Read through a humanitarian framework, the novels ultimately suggest that catastrophe does not determine the ethical character of the societies that survive it; rather, pandemic reveals how vulnerability, care, violence, knowledge, and power are distributed, and how those distributions shape the possibilities of rebuilding human life.