Serum uric acid and lipid profiles among type 2 diabetes patients with cardiovascular disease at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

One of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is diabetes. Hyperuricemia will increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause inflammation and vessel dysfunction, and abnormalities in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels will result in atherosclerosis, which is the process of causing CVD. If not treated in a timely manner, hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia are highly related to CVD in diabetic patients and can greatly increase mortality and morbidity from diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate serum uric acid and lipid profiles among T2DM patients with CVD in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital with 90 participants in each group. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and serum uric acid, FBS, lipid profile, and creatinine were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Data were entered into EpiData 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14. Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, while Pearson’s correlation was used to assess associations between uric acid, lipid profile, and other parameters. The mean uric acid (UA) level was significantly higher in the DM with CVD group than in the DM without CVD group (7.33 ± 1.08 vs. 6.38 ± 1.03 mg/dL, p = 0.034). Similarly, the DM without CVD group had a significantly higher mean UA level than the healthy control group (6.38 ± 1.03 vs. 5.89 ± 0.58 mg/dL, p = 0.002).There was a significant difference in total cholesterol (TC) levels among the three groups. The mean TC levels were 182.9 ± 41.5, 164.8 ± 33.2, and 151.4 ± 31.6 mg/dL in the DM with CVD, DM without CVD, and healthy control groups, respectively ( p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly higher in the DM with CVD group than in the DM without CVD group (154.2 ± 35.7 vs. 133.3 ± 45.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The DM with CVD group also had significantly higher LDL-C levels than the healthy control group (154.2 ± 35.7 vs. 121.1 ± 18.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001).High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) also differed significantly among the three groups, with the highest levels observed in the healthy controls, followed by the DM without CVD group and the DM with CVD group ( p = 0.001).Among patients with DM and CVD, significant correlations were observed between HDL-C (mg/dL) and systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg). SBP was also significantly correlated with UA (mg/dL) and LDL-C (mg/dL). A significant correlation was observed between age and UA (mg/dL). Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was significantly correlated with LDL-C (mg/dL), while HDL-C (mg/dL) showed a negative correlation with BMI (kg/m²). Diabetic participants exhibited significantly higher levels of UA, TC, and LDLC compared to diabetic patients without CVD and control groups. In contrast, HDLClevels varied significantly across groups, with the highest levels found in controls, followed by diabetics without CVD, and the lowest levels in diabetics with CVD. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between BMI and both LDLC and HDLC. UAalso showed a significant correlation with age, while HDLC correlated significantly with SBP.