Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Venous Leg Ulcers: The Dominant Role of Wound Infection and Multiple Ulcers

Background/Objectives: CEAP C6 venous leg ulcers are the most resource-intensive stage of chronic venous disease, yet short-term prognostication at admission remains empirical. We aimed to determine which routinely available admission variables are associated with unfavourable in-episode evolution and to develop a concise prognostic model. Methods: Single-centre retrospective observational cohort of 87 consecutive patients; in-episode evolution (favourable versus unfavourable) was documented in 59. Associations were tested by univariate methods and binary logistic regression. Because outcome was undocumented in 32.2% of the cohort, a tipping-point sensitivity analysis quantified the departure from a missing-at-random mechanism required to nullify each association. Results: Wound infection was recorded in 69.0% of patients, with Pseudomonas spp. and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus predominating. Evolution was unfavourable in 34/59 patients (57.6%) and was associated with wound infection (OR 7.00, 95% CI 2.13–23.03), microbial eczema, multiple ulceration and urban residence, but with neither the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.920) nor any individual comorbidity. In the final model, wound infection (OR 6.10), urban residence (OR 5.81) and multiple ulceration (OR 5.01) were independently associated with outcome (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.405; AUC 0.812, 95% CI 0.704–0.919). Sensitivity analysis showed the wound infection association to be robust to informative missingness, whereas urban residence was the most fragile. Conclusions: Wound-level factors—infection and multiple ulcers—carried more short-term prognostic information than comorbidity burden or systemic inflammatory indices. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require external validation.

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Journal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Published
2026-09-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15197525
Primary Topic
Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
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article

Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Venous Leg Ulcers: The Dominant Role of Wound Infection and Multiple Ulcers

Elena Porumb‐Andrese, Roxana-Paraschiva Ciobanu, Daciana Elena Branisteanu, Mihaela Paula Toader et al.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
article

Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Venous Leg Ulcers: The Dominant Role of Wound Infection and Multiple Ulcers

Elena Porumb‐Andrese, Roxana-Paraschiva Ciobanu, Daciana Elena Branisteanu, Mihaela Paula Toader, Oana Mihaela Condurache Hrițcu, Daniel Constantin Brănişteanu, Stefan Toader, Catalina Onu-Branisteanu
article en

Abstract

Background/Objectives: CEAP C6 venous leg ulcers are the most resource-intensive stage of chronic venous disease, yet short-term prognostication at admission remains empirical. We aimed to determine which routinely available admission variables are associated with unfavourable in-episode evolution and to develop a concise prognostic model. Methods: Single-centre retrospective observational cohort of 87 consecutive patients; in-episode evolution (favourable versus unfavourable) was documented in 59. Associations were tested by univariate methods and binary logistic regression. Because outcome was undocumented in 32.2% of the cohort, a tipping-point sensitivity analysis quantified the departure from a missing-at-random mechanism required to nullify each association. Results: Wound infection was recorded in 69.0% of patients, with Pseudomonas spp. and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus predominating. Evolution was unfavourable in 34/59 patients (57.6%) and was associated with wound infection (OR 7.00, 95% CI 2.13–23.03), microbial eczema, multiple ulceration and urban residence, but with neither the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.920) nor any individual comorbidity. In the final model, wound infection (OR 6.10), urban residence (OR 5.81) and multiple ulceration (OR 5.01) were independently associated with outcome (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.405; AUC 0.812, 95% CI 0.704–0.919). Sensitivity analysis showed the wound infection association to be robust to informative missingness, whereas urban residence was the most fragile. Conclusions: Wound-level factors—infection and multiple ulcers—carried more short-term prognostic information than comorbidity burden or systemic inflammatory indices. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require external validation.

Journal of Clinical MedicineVol. 15(19)
Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO), Institutul de Urgenţă pentru Boli Cardiovasculare "Prof.Dr. C.C. Iliescu" (RO)
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
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