Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Venous Leg Ulcers: The Dominant Role of Wound Infection and Multiple Ulcers
Background/Objectives: CEAP C6 venous leg ulcers are the most resource-intensive stage of chronic venous disease, yet short-term prognostication at admission remains empirical. We aimed to determine which routinely available admission variables are associated with unfavourable in-episode evolution and to develop a concise prognostic model. Methods: Single-centre retrospective observational cohort of 87 consecutive patients; in-episode evolution (favourable versus unfavourable) was documented in 59. Associations were tested by univariate methods and binary logistic regression. Because outcome was undocumented in 32.2% of the cohort, a tipping-point sensitivity analysis quantified the departure from a missing-at-random mechanism required to nullify each association. Results: Wound infection was recorded in 69.0% of patients, with Pseudomonas spp. and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus predominating. Evolution was unfavourable in 34/59 patients (57.6%) and was associated with wound infection (OR 7.00, 95% CI 2.13–23.03), microbial eczema, multiple ulceration and urban residence, but with neither the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.920) nor any individual comorbidity. In the final model, wound infection (OR 6.10), urban residence (OR 5.81) and multiple ulceration (OR 5.01) were independently associated with outcome (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.405; AUC 0.812, 95% CI 0.704–0.919). Sensitivity analysis showed the wound infection association to be robust to informative missingness, whereas urban residence was the most fragile. Conclusions: Wound-level factors—infection and multiple ulcers—carried more short-term prognostic information than comorbidity burden or systemic inflammatory indices. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require external validation.
Authors
- Elena Porumb‐Andrese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-2066)
- Roxana-Paraschiva Ciobanu
- Daciana Elena Branisteanu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-8694)
- Mihaela Paula Toader (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-836X)
- Oana Mihaela Condurache Hrițcu
- Daniel Constantin Brănişteanu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5147-9596)
- Stefan Toader
- Catalina Onu-Branisteanu
Institutions
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Institutul de Urgenţă pentru Boli Cardiovasculare "Prof.Dr. C.C. Iliescu" (RO)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Published
- 2026-09-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15197525
- Primary Topic
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00