Usability and user experience of older adults in an autonomous vehicle: Insights from the autoELF high-fidelity prototype study

The aging population highlights the importance of mobility for older adults, which is crucial for their independence, social participation, health, and overall quality of life. Automated vehicles (AVs) offer a mobility option for those 65 and older, even if they can no longer or are unwilling to drive. While passengers are not responsible for driving during automated rides, they still need to operate the system. This usability study explores the effectiveness of the high-fidelity AV prototype, autoELF, created within the UNICAR agil project to meet the needs of multi-generational families. Fourteen participants ( M = 74 years old, SD = 6 years) tested the system in a vehicle lab, experienced a simulated ride to the theater, and completed all required tasks to operate the AV. We measured effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction for each task. In post-session interviews, participants shared their experiences. Most could perform familiar tasks like entering and buckling up but found unfamiliar ones, such as starting the ride with a button or planning a route via a tablet, more challenging. Consistent with previous research, participants generally reported a positive initial experience with AVs. Based on these results, we recommend design improvements for each user interface to support age-sensitive AV development.