Time=Space – An Expansion of the Concept of Time and Reflections on Gravity

According to the Big Bang theory, the cosmos is undergoing continuous three-dimensional expansion. This must also apply to time (T) and to light, with its speed (c). Through the relationship R = c*T, space and time are coupled via the speed of light (c). This forms the basis of the author's hypothesis that R and T are fundamentally equivalent, and that time, too, operates in three dimensions—forming, like space, a constantly expanding sphere. The surface of this "time sphere" represents the present; it envelops the past and moves into the future in tandem with space. In this process, the spatial surface of the present recedes at the speed of light into the "not-yet"—the future. Consequently, all bodies—whether at rest or in motion—move into the future at the speed of light; an elusive yet logical consequence of the Big Bang. There is cosmic evidence—supported by concrete figures—for this "flight of the present," effectively elevating the hypothesis to the status of a theory; examples include: a) Ole Rømer’s 1676 measurement of the time taken for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth, b) the calculation of the perihelion precession of Mercury’s orbit, c) the time dilation (slowing of clocks) observed on the ISS, d) anomalies observed in space probes (the Pioneer anomalies). Special Relativity (SR) describes only the directly measurable aspect of time-reality. Since the surface area of the space-time sphere grows quadratically—meaning it expands with acceleration—all masses experience a constant acceleration associated with forces. These forces manifest as gravity; an appendix details a numerical experiment aimed at deciphering the gravitational constant.