Cattaneo Christov heat transport and Soret Dufour effects in wall-driven Casson gold blood nanofluid flow near a stenosed artery

The Soret and Dufour effects are important in many different kinds of real-world situations, particularly in the field of fluidic heat and mass transfer. Biological systems, combustion processes, and nanofluidics are all fields where these influences are critical. Due to its unique geometry, a stenosed artery has important physiological and clinical applications in cardiovascular engineering and hemodynamics. The present examination aims to analyze the incompressible, steady, two-dimensional flow of Casson nanofluid through a stenosed artery under the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model, Dufour, and Soret effects. Moreover, the velocity equation incorporates the influence of a porous medium, while the temperature and concentration equations include thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. By selecting suitable similarity variables, the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are modified into nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, the resulting ODEs are solved numerically by employing the Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth (RKF-45) order approach and shooting scheme. The impacts of various nondimensional factors on several profiles are demonstrated by using graphs. The major outcomes indicate that the velocity profile declines with escalating Casson and porous parameters, while it elevates with the curvature constraint. The upsurge in Brownian motion and thermal relaxation parameters reduces the concentration and thermal profiles. The Sherwood number will decrease with an enhancement in the Soret number and solid volume fraction. Further, the addition of 3% of nanoparticles produces a 2.2530% to 6.5922% enhancement in the Nusselt number compared to the based fluid. The maximum enhancement of 6.5922% is obtained at $$N_{b} = 0.2$$ .