Profile of aeroallergens and pulmonary function in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis: a cross-sectional analytical study

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is frequently associated with allergic sensitization and may involve the lower airway as part of the united airway concept. However, region-specific data on aeroallergen profiles and their relationship with pulmonary function in CRS remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate aeroallergen sensitization patterns and pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with CRS and to examine their association with disease phenotype. Methods In a cross-sectional analytical study, 160 adults with CRS (CRSwNP and CRSsNP) underwent clinical evaluation, skin prick testing with a standardized panel of 18 aeroallergens, and spirometry according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Sensitization patterns were categorized as mono- or poly-sensitization, and pulmonary function was assessed using FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, and FEF₂₅–₇₅. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of abnormal pulmonary function. Results Overall, 70% of patients were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen, with house dust mites being the most common. Poly-sensitization was significantly higher in CRSwNP (60.3%) than CRSsNP (31.5%; p < 0.001). Abnormal spirometry was observed in 30% of cases, predominantly obstructive patterns. Aeroallergen sensitization and CRSwNP independently predicted pulmonary function impairment. Conclusion Aeroallergen sensitization, particularly poly-sensitization, is common in CRS and is strongly associated with lower airway impairment. Routine allergen profiling and spirometry should be integrated into CRS evaluation.