Modeling and Simulation Techniques for Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Materials and Structures

Abstract This paper presents a focused review of modeling and simulation strategies for ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC), emphasizing predictive capabilities, calibration demands, and multiscale consistency. Continuum damage plasticity and cap-based formulations are shown to effectively reproduce nonlinear behavior and strain-rate sensitivity at the structural scale, while cohesive zone and bond-slip models provide a mechanistic representation of fiber pullout and interface behavior. Emerging approaches, including molecular dynamics and peridynamics, offer improved insight into fracture processes but remain computationally intensive and difficult to integrate into routine design workflows. Across modeling scales, a central challenge is the robustness and transferability of parameters because most current approaches rely on case-specific calibration rather than unified physical principles. Key research needs include the development of standardized calibration protocols, hybrid numerical strategies for localized damage, and multiphysics coupling for long-term performance prediction. Advancing these areas is essential to transition UHPC modeling from research-driven simulations toward reliable, design-oriented predictive tools.