The Role of Technological Sovereignty in Ensuring the Sustainable Development of the Russian Federation

The article examines the role of technological sovereignty and scientifictechnological security as key prerequisites for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation. The authors specify the concept of a “threat to technological development” and classify such threats by their sources into external (sanctions-driven restrictions, supply-chain disruptions, cyber risks, and declining international cooperation) and internal (insufficient R&D funding, infrastructure constraints, and shortages of skills and talent). A step-by-step framework for threat analysis is proposed, including data collection, contextual analysis, quantitative assessment, integration of findings, and continuous monitoring. Using the case of imports and domestic production of servers and storage systems in 2020–2024, the paper illustrates a statistical approach to risk measurement based on the relative standard deviation and comparison with a selected base year, enabling interpretation of risk levels as low, medium, or high. In addition, an expert-survey scoring method (“risk points”) is suggested, accounting for the availability of domestic substitutes, import structure, and payment restrictions. The study also summarizes a content analysis of reports by foreign analytical agencies and development institutions, highlighting restricted access to advanced technologies, lagging performance in critical areas, talent outflow, and digital isolation as major risks.