"Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variability in Pune District Using GIS Techniques (1990–2020)"

Abstract: This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Pune District, Maharashtra, over the period 1990–2020, using high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department. The analysis applies the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test to detect the direction and statistical significance of rainfall trends at monthly scales, and uses GIS-based IDW interpolation to map their spatial distribution. Results reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with generally increasing rainfall trends in the western and north-western parts of the district, influenced by the Western Ghats, and decreasing or weak trends in several eastern and central areas lying in the rain-shadow zone. Monthly patterns show considerable variation, reflecting the complex interaction of topography and monsoon dynamics. The findings provide a detailed, grid-level understanding of rainfall behavior and can support more effective agricultural planning, water-resource management, and climate-adaptation strategies in the region.