The deficient cap: the no-boundary state of a black-hole universe, I

Paper I of a two-part study extending the no-boundary programme of A smooth beginning for spacetime to the black-hole topology. The preceding series argued that the no-boundary saddle of the S3 universe carries the complete thermodynamics of the de Sitter horizon in its own data, that the Feldbrugge-Lehners-Turok fluctuation catastrophe is the fingerprint of data placed on a branch point, and that the horizon's dissipation erases the resulting bias wherever its ledger can afford it. This paper begins the same programme on the black-hole topology: the no-boundary state of a universe with spatial sections S1 x S2. The anatomy inverts. Where the S3 saddle caps the geometry smoothly, the S1 x S2 saddles are refused a smooth cap: at the distinguished slice b = 1/√(Λ) their tips carry the exact complex conical deficit δ±/2π = 1 ± i√(u - 1), one full turn per member plus an imaginary part that is pure boost—the tip is a Lorentzian cone of surface gravity √(u - 1). The pair's total deficit is exactly 4π, independent of the boundary data, and 4π at the Nariai sphere is the two horizons' whole ledger: AN(δ+ + δ-)/8πG = S_tot_Nariai. Consistently, each member's action satisfies |Re IE| = S_tot_Nariai/2 exactly, so the pair carries |Ψ|² = e^(S_tot_Nariai): the black-hole universe squares to the Nariai ledger, not the de Sitter one, and its entropy lives in the deficit, not the cap. These statements are exact in a units dictionary derived and gated here (8πG=1 reduction = 8π x the standard Kantowski-Sachs Lagrangian, with H² ≡ Λ), and they reproduce, as their classical shadow, the large-circle statements of Turiaci and Wu: the wavefunction's boundary-size independence (exact on the slice, approached as 1/u off it) and the norm's S2 x S2 form. The rest of the anatomy is a mapped obstruction: the constant-lapse saddle's Misner-Sharp mass drifts (the saddle is isometric to no single Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry), both horizon entropies ride that single complex mass—their gradients in the data are exactly parallel—so the two-horizon first law cannot even be posed on the closure family, and the honest differential identities are a half-share tangency at Nariai and an exact three-root period lemma β- + β+ = -β0. A short final section states what the deficient cap does to its perturbations—circle-mode indices exactly imaginary, mode weights An = ±n/2, member-antisymmetric and linear in n—and the coalescence-exit's exact closure, which Paper II will take up as the forced dissipative exit. Corrections made en route are retained in the record.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23018348
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
preprint
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The deficient cap: the no-boundary state of a black-hole universe, I

James Laurence Williams
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
preprint

The deficient cap: the no-boundary state of a black-hole universe, I

James Laurence Williams
preprint en

Abstract

Paper I of a two-part study extending the no-boundary programme of A smooth beginning for spacetime to the black-hole topology. The preceding series argued that the no-boundary saddle of the S3 universe carries the complete thermodynamics of the de Sitter horizon in its own data, that the Feldbrugge-Lehners-Turok fluctuation catastrophe is the fingerprint of data placed on a branch point, and that the horizon's dissipation erases the resulting bias wherever its ledger can afford it. This paper begins the same programme on the black-hole topology: the no-boundary state of a universe with spatial sections S1 x S2. The anatomy inverts. Where the S3 saddle caps the geometry smoothly, the S1 x S2 saddles are refused a smooth cap: at the distinguished slice b = 1/√(Λ) their tips carry the exact complex conical deficit δ±/2π = 1 ± i√(u - 1), one full turn per member plus an imaginary part that is pure boost—the tip is a Lorentzian cone of surface gravity √(u - 1). The pair's total deficit is exactly 4π, independent of the boundary data, and 4π at the Nariai sphere is the two horizons' whole ledger: AN(δ+ + δ-)/8πG = S_tot_Nariai. Consistently, each member's action satisfies |Re IE| = S_tot_Nariai/2 exactly, so the pair carries |Ψ|² = e^(S_tot_Nariai): the black-hole universe squares to the Nariai ledger, not the de Sitter one, and its entropy lives in the deficit, not the cap. These statements are exact in a units dictionary derived and gated here (8πG=1 reduction = 8π x the standard Kantowski-Sachs Lagrangian, with H² ≡ Λ), and they reproduce, as their classical shadow, the large-circle statements of Turiaci and Wu: the wavefunction's boundary-size independence (exact on the slice, approached as 1/u off it) and the norm's S2 x S2 form. The rest of the anatomy is a mapped obstruction: the constant-lapse saddle's Misner-Sharp mass drifts (the saddle is isometric to no single Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry), both horizon entropies ride that single complex mass—their gradients in the data are exactly parallel—so the two-horizon first law cannot even be posed on the closure family, and the honest differential identities are a half-share tangency at Nariai and an exact three-root period lemma β- + β+ = -β0. A short final section states what the deficient cap does to its perturbations—circle-mode indices exactly imaginary, mode weights An = ±n/2, member-antisymmetric and linear in n—and the coalescence-exit's exact closure, which Paper II will take up as the forced dissipative exit. Corrections made en route are retained in the record.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
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