Dual-task effects on the kinematics of treadmill running at different speeds in runners and non-runners

Abstract Background Dual tasking (DT) occurs when secondary cognitive tasks divide attention with a motor task. Such a condition may influence kinematics during locomotor tasks, but its effects on running kinematics remain controversial among people with varying levels of experience in sport. Aims To determine whether a dual task alters the running kinematics of individuals with different levels of experience with treadmill running. Methods Fifteen runners (12 men) and 15 non-runners (13 men) participated in the study. After a 10-min warm-up at 5 km/h, they completed two trials of running while performing or not performing a DT (Stroop task) at different speeds. Each trial included 3-min blocks at 7, 9, and 11 km/h, during which 3D kinematic data were collected. The sequence of trials (control and DT) and speeds (7, 9, and 11 km/h) were randomized among participants. Results Our main findings were: (i) treadmill running kinematics did not differ between runners and non-runners, (ii) the ankle kinematics was influenced by the DT condition as running speed increased, and (iii) the DT had minimal effects on the kinematics of runners with varying levels of experience. Conclusion A cognitive DT had minimal effects on the 3D lower-limb kinematics of participants with varying levels of treadmill-running experience.