Retrospective Evaluation of the Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, and Treatment Approaches in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Experience

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children has been increasing in parallel with the rise in obesity. Due to its insidious onset and slow progression, complications often manifest later in adulthood. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings, and complication rates in pediatric patients with T2DM. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with T2DM and followed in our clinic between January 2014 and January 2023. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were recorded. Results: Sixty-three patients (42 females) were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.9 ± 2.2 years (range 11.1–17.3), 95% were pubertal. The mean weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) were 2.3 ± 1.5 (range -3.2 to 5.9), 0.3 ± 1.2 (range -2.2 to 3.5), and 2.1 ± 1.1 (range -2.5 to 3.9), respectively. Polyuria and polydipsia were reported in 22 patients (34.9%) at diagnosis. Four patients presented with ketoacidosis. A family history of T2DM was present in 34 patients (54%). Antibodies were positive in four patients (6.6%). The mean HbA1c ( glycosylated hemoglobin) level was 8.7% ± 2.0. Treatment included metformin alone in 24 patients (38%), metformin plus insulin in 29 (46%), and insulin alone in five (8.0%). Regarding complications, neuropathy was observed in one patient (1.6%), nephropathy in two patients (3.2%). Conclusions: Prevention strategies on T2DM must focus on reducing obesity from an early age. Community-based interventions promoting healthy eating and physical activity are essential.