Perceived campus walkway attributes, walkway-use satisfaction and continued use intention among university students: a cross-sectional PLS-SEM study

This study explores walkway use satisfaction and factors influencing continuous use intention among university students, which is critical for promoting sustainable campus mobility. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 369 students. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine how walkway attributes, surface quality, accessibility and convenience, safety and security, and environmental aesthetics and integration, influence walkway use satisfaction and continuous use intentions. The results show that accessibility and convenience, environmental aesthetics, and surface quality significantly predict walkway use satisfaction, whereas safety and security, although associated with accessibility and convenience, do not. Walkway use satisfaction strongly influences students’ continuous use intentions. This study contributes to pedestrian mobility literature by identifying key determinants of walkway satisfaction and use in university campuses, an underexplored area in sustainable mobility research. However, as a cross-sectional study, causal relationships cannot be firmly established. Future research could adopt longitudinal or mixed-methods approaches to capture changes in walkway use over time. The findings suggest that improving walkway design, accessibility, aesthetics, and maintenance can enhance user satisfaction and encourage sustained use, supporting healthier campus environments and reducing reliance on motorised transport.