Explicit Closed Elementary Nets That Cannot Be Completed, Including Fields of Transcendence Degree One

An elementary net (carpet) of order n over a field K is closed if its elementary net group contains no new elementary transvections, and it is completable if its diagonal can be supplemented to a full net. Completable nets are closed. Koibaev gave closed nets that are not completable over fields of characteristic 0 and 2 and asked for such nets in odd characteristic (Kourovka Notebook, Problem 21.76). Nuzhin (2026) has answered this question, with examples in every characteristic, using closures of finitely generated subgroups over a rational function field in two variables. We give explicit examples with short proofs. An elementary lifting lemma turns a closed pair of additive subgroups of a quotient ring R/J into a closed elementary net of every order n ≥ 3. With F[x,y] → F[x] and a degree argument it gives, for every field F, the net with Fx + yF[x,y] in positions (1,2) and (2,1) and yF[x,y] elsewhere. Lifting the two exceptional pairs of Levchuk's refinement of Dickson's theorem along F_3[t] → F_9 and F_2[t] → F_4 gives closed nets over F_3(t) and F_2(t) that are not completable. These one-variable nets also satisfy the hypotheses of Kourovka Problem 19.48. Together with a theorem of Koibaev and Nuzhin on algebraic extensions, it follows that in characteristics 2 and 3 a field carries such nets if and only if it is not algebraic over its prime field. For p ≥ 5 we do not know whether examples exist over F_p(t); by Levchuk's theorem, lifting from a finite field cannot produce them. This is an unrefereed note. Scope and priority: to our knowledge Problem 21.76 was first answered by Ya. N. Nuzhin (Sib. Math. J. 67 (2026) 840–845, doi:10.1134/S0037446626040099); no priority is claimed for that answer. The new points are the explicit nets with elementary proofs, the one-variable examples in characteristic 3, and the characterisation for p = 3. Unrefereed preprint released for independent mathematical scrutiny. Publication on Zenodo does not constitute peer review. AI-assisted tools supported research, computation, proof development, and manuscript preparation. The author remains responsible for all claims and the final text. Corpus identifier: KOU-21.76. Paper page: https://eulersolve.org/papers/kou-21-76/

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23004034
Primary Topic
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
Type
preprint
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preprint

Explicit Closed Elementary Nets That Cannot Be Completed, Including Fields of Transcendence Degree One

Alper Ferudun
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
preprint

Explicit Closed Elementary Nets That Cannot Be Completed, Including Fields of Transcendence Degree One

Alper Ferudun
preprint en

Abstract

An elementary net (carpet) of order n over a field K is closed if its elementary net group contains no new elementary transvections, and it is completable if its diagonal can be supplemented to a full net. Completable nets are closed. Koibaev gave closed nets that are not completable over fields of characteristic 0 and 2 and asked for such nets in odd characteristic (Kourovka Notebook, Problem 21.76). Nuzhin (2026) has answered this question, with examples in every characteristic, using closures of finitely generated subgroups over a rational function field in two variables. We give explicit examples with short proofs. An elementary lifting lemma turns a closed pair of additive subgroups of a quotient ring R/J into a closed elementary net of every order n ≥ 3. With F[x,y] → F[x] and a degree argument it gives, for every field F, the net with Fx + yF[x,y] in positions (1,2) and (2,1) and yF[x,y] elsewhere. Lifting the two exceptional pairs of Levchuk's refinement of Dickson's theorem along F_3[t] → F_9 and F_2[t] → F_4 gives closed nets over F_3(t) and F_2(t) that are not completable. These one-variable nets also satisfy the hypotheses of Kourovka Problem 19.48. Together with a theorem of Koibaev and Nuzhin on algebraic extensions, it follows that in characteristics 2 and 3 a field carries such nets if and only if it is not algebraic over its prime field. For p ≥ 5 we do not know whether examples exist over F_p(t); by Levchuk's theorem, lifting from a finite field cannot produce them. This is an unrefereed note. Scope and priority: to our knowledge Problem 21.76 was first answered by Ya. N. Nuzhin (Sib. Math. J. 67 (2026) 840–845, doi:10.1134/S0037446626040099); no priority is claimed for that answer. The new points are the explicit nets with elementary proofs, the one-variable examples in characteristic 3, and the characterisation for p = 3. Unrefereed preprint released for independent mathematical scrutiny. Publication on Zenodo does not constitute peer review. AI-assisted tools supported research, computation, proof development, and manuscript preparation. The author remains responsible for all claims and the final text. Corpus identifier: KOU-21.76. Paper page: https://eulersolve.org/papers/kou-21-76/

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
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