Device-aware 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatment of facial vascular lesions: a targeted review and practical technical algorithm

The 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser is used for superficial facial vascular lesions because of strong oxyhemoglobin absorption.Clinical response depends on device architecture, pulse structure, cooling, spot size, vessel morphology, epidermal melanin absorption, and visual endpoints.This targeted review summarizes evidence for rosacea-associated erythema and telangiectasia, facial telangiectasia, spider angioma, and cherry angioma, and proposes a device-dependent algorithm.PubMed was searched through June 2026 using predefined terms for KTP, target lesions, comparator devices, treatment parameters, and safety outcomes.Bibliographic details were verified against PubMed and publisher DOI pages.Human clinical studies, comparative trials, cohorts, reviews, meta-analyses, guidelines, and consensus documents were prioritized, with published evidence distinguished from expert-informed interpretation.Evidence supports 532 nm KTP lasers for selected superficial red facial vascular lesions, particularly fine telangiectasias and spider angiomas, with growing comparative evidence in rosacea-associated erythema.Modern variable-pulse and dual-wavelength platforms may improve tolerability, but parameters remain device dependent.Safe treatment requires lesion-specific, endpoint-guided selection, conservative escalation, avoidance of stacking, and skin type-specific risk mitigation.Published parameters should be regarded as orientation ranges rather than universally transferable settings.