A Rare Association of Dyke–Davidoff–Masson Syndrome with a Specific Learning Disability

In children, the clinical and radiological triad of hemiparesis, hemiatrophy, and focal epilepsy occurs in several neurological disorders, most commonly stroke sequelae, Rasmussen encephalitis (RE), hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome, and mitochondrial disorders.Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare but important differential diagnosis, characterized by hemiparesis, focal seizures, and variable intellectual impairment or behavioral concerns [1].Characteristic imaging findings include cerebral hemiatrophy, ipsilateral lateral ventricular enlargement, compensatory skull hypertrophy, and sinus hyperpneumatization [2].Although the etiology remains uncertain, most cases are associated with early developmental insults, including infarction, ischemia, hemorrhage, infection, or trauma.The precipitating injury occurs during fetal life or early childhood, but clinical manifestations may emerge later, and the diagnosis is generally confirmed by neuroimaging [3].Specific learning disabilities are reported less frequently in DDMS and may be overlooked because motor deficits and epilepsy are more clinically prominent.We report a rare case of DDMS in an 8-year-old girl with refractory focal seizures and specific learning disability.An 8-year-old girl who had developed typically until age 3 years presented with refractory focal epilepsy.Her early development was age appro-1 www.annchildneurol.org