Experimental study on an ultra-low noise, standalone, and high-capacity thermoelectric generator powered by an optimized porous medium combustor

The evolution of portable power sources plays a crucial role in advancing the internet of things and enabling human mobility in the era of energy decentralization. This study presents the development of an ultra-low noise, self-sustained, and high-capacity thermoelectric generator (TEG) powered by a porous medium combustor (PMC). By optimizing the combustor design and thermal management system, the PMC-TEG achieves an electric power output of 18.4 W per TE module, significantly surpassing previous studies. The PMC-TEG system demonstrates remarkable advantages in noise control, standalone operation capability, and high-capacity power generation, making it highly suitable for portable power applications and low-noise environments. Key innovations include the use of a partially blocked 316 stainless steel sintered sheet as a flame holder, optimized air/fuel inlet structures, and a staggered pin-fin heat collector. At an input power of 1710 W, the system generates a total electric power of 36.8 W with an exceptionally low noise level of 43 dB, representing the lowest noise level reported in combustion-powered TEG research to date. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on critical parameters, including flame holder blocking ratio, radiator configuration, cooling fan selection, and heat collector material, to optimize overall power generation efficiency, net efficiency, and pollutant emissions.