Integration of carbon capture technologies with renewable energy systems: Techno-economic, environmental, and policy perspectives toward global net-zero transition

Existing Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies remains, constrained owing to higher energy consumption, peak coast of operation and fossil fuel dependence which restricts there economic and environmental benefits. Subsequently, the rapid expansion of renewable energy (RE) technologies offers wide opportunity for decarbonize carbon capture processes with long term economic stability and system sustainability. Despite the existence of numerous review articles analysing individual carbon capture technologies or certain facets of CCUS, a comprehensive evaluation of renewable-energy-driven carbon capture systems that includes technological, economic, sustainability, policy, and deployment aspects is still missing. This review bridges the existing gaps by providing a thorough and systematic assessment of technologies for carbon capture, utilization, and storage powered by RE. It provides an analysis of the leading CO 2 capture methods and carries out quantitative comparisons of their capture efficiency, energy penalty, technology readiness, cost (capital and operational costs) and scalability. It mainly focused on the integration between renewable energy sources and carbon capture. The applications of concentrated solar thermal energy, photovoltaics, wind energy, geothermal and waste heat assisted CO 2 capture systems are systematically assessed, both from technical and economical points of view. Lastly, the review also assesses lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, water and land use impacts, the sustainability of biomass uses for CCUS and social acceptability for different technologies to develop a holistic picture of sustainability of renewable-driven CCUS systems. Finally, to envisage future commercialisation pathways several important techno-economic analyses such as those on cost reduction trajectories, learning rates and sensitivity to renewables electricity price are outlined.