Multimodality of Antimony Selenide: Emerging Multifunctional Semiconductor for Optoelectronics, Photonics, Catalysis, and Biomedical Applications

ABSTRACT Semiconducting materials are central to a wide range of technologies, from everyday electronics to advanced artificial intelligence systems. In recent years, significant research has focused on identifying alternatives to conventional semiconductors. Among these, Antimony Selenide (Sb 2 Se 3 ) is a promising p‐type semiconductor (which can also be converted to n‐type via doping) with a tunable bandgap of 1.1–1.7 eV, excellent broadband near‐infrared (NIR) optical absorption, including in the telecommunication wavelength range, and high stability. Its strong chemical robustness and environmentally friendly, non‐toxic composition make it an attractive candidate for a wide range of applications, including optoelectronics, photonics, catalysis, and biomedicine. This detailed review highlights recent advances in Sb 2 Se 3 ‐based devices, emphasizing the materials engineering, including synthesis methods, heterostructure formation with other materials, and device fabrication strategies. Special focus is placed on key applications in solar cells, photodetectors, photonics, catalysis, and biomedical applications. Finally, the present review provides an updated perspective on the fundamental science of Sb 2 Se 3, along with future directions and recommendations for designing Sb 2 Se 3 materials based on various devices. The primary focus is to bridge the gap between fundamental understanding and practical application, providing an updated overview of innovations in Sb 2 Se 3 materials that is accessible to a broader readership.