Analysis of Tractive Performance Under Multiple Operating Conditions in the Tire–Soil Interaction

Aiming to analyze the tractive performance of a 6.00-14 bias-ply tire with a chevron tread pattern on soil, we conducted experiments to measure the influencing factors and calculated the Mohr–Coulomb-based traction-related index coefficient using traction theory. The influencing factors considered in this study included soil cohesion, dynamic load, contact area between the soil and tire, and soil internal friction angle. A soil bin testing facility and a laser profiler were used to measure the soil–tire coupling parameters, and an unsaturated soil stress–strain controlled triaxial apparatus was used to determine soil cohesion and internal friction angle based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The results indicate that tire inflation pressure exerts the most significant influence on tractive performance, followed by tire load, while forward speed shows a relatively minor effect. The interaction between inflation pressure and load significantly affects soil–tire coupling parameters, whereas interactions involving speed are not significant. The combination of low tire load, low inflation pressure, and high forward speed (W = 1.5 kN, pi = 138 kPa, S = 3 m/s) led to the maximum Mohr–Coulomb-based traction-related index coefficient among all tested conditions. This study includes tire–soil contact properties for low-ground-pressure tire technologies, precision tire inflation pressure, and forward speed management, for better traction and reduced soil compaction.