Functional Structural Disorder Governing Efficient Proton Transport in Non‐Porous Phosphonic‐Acid‐Based HOFs

ABSTRACT Efficient proton transport in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is widely assumed to require permanent porosity and well‐defined conduction channels. This work demonstrates that dynamic structural disorder can play a central role in governing proton dynamics, even in essentially non‐porous systems. We report the synthesis and comparative analysis of three positional isomers of pyridinediyldiphosphonic acid 2,6‐, 2,5‐, and 3,5‐ – providing a systematic platform for investigating structure–property relationships. Among them, the 2,5‐isomer exhibits an outstanding proton conductivity of S at room temperature and 97% relative humidity, despite its essentially non‐porous nature (BET ). A humidity‐driven decrease in activation energy from 0.46 to 0.15 eV reveals a transition from vehicle‐assisted transport to a Grotthuss‐type proton‐hopping mechanism. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates pronounced positional and dynamic disorder, while ATR–FTIR spectroscopy reveals a Zundel‐type continuum indicative of highly polarized and delocalized protons. We show that structural disorder enables adaptive reorganization of hydrogen‐bond networks upon hydration, generating efficient proton‐conduction pathways without permanent pores. These findings challenge the prevailing paradigm that permanent porosity is essential for proton‐conducting HOFs and establish dynamic disorder as a powerful design principle for solid‐state proton conductors.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Small
Published
2026-09-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75935
Primary Topic
Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
article

Functional Structural Disorder Governing Efficient Proton Transport in Non‐Porous Phosphonic‐Acid‐Based HOFs

Krzysztof Kierzek, Tomasz Misiaszek, Tomasz Krzysztof Olszewski, Błażej Dziuk et al.
Small
Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
article

Functional Structural Disorder Governing Efficient Proton Transport in Non‐Porous Phosphonic‐Acid‐Based HOFs

Krzysztof Kierzek, Tomasz Misiaszek, Tomasz Krzysztof Olszewski, Błażej Dziuk, Patrycja Kadzialka
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Efficient proton transport in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is widely assumed to require permanent porosity and well‐defined conduction channels. This work demonstrates that dynamic structural disorder can play a central role in governing proton dynamics, even in essentially non‐porous systems. We report the synthesis and comparative analysis of three positional isomers of pyridinediyldiphosphonic acid 2,6‐, 2,5‐, and 3,5‐ – providing a systematic platform for investigating structure–property relationships. Among them, the 2,5‐isomer exhibits an outstanding proton conductivity of S at room temperature and 97% relative humidity, despite its essentially non‐porous nature (BET ). A humidity‐driven decrease in activation energy from 0.46 to 0.15 eV reveals a transition from vehicle‐assisted transport to a Grotthuss‐type proton‐hopping mechanism. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates pronounced positional and dynamic disorder, while ATR–FTIR spectroscopy reveals a Zundel‐type continuum indicative of highly polarized and delocalized protons. We show that structural disorder enables adaptive reorganization of hydrogen‐bond networks upon hydration, generating efficient proton‐conduction pathways without permanent pores. These findings challenge the prevailing paradigm that permanent porosity is essential for proton‐conducting HOFs and establish dynamic disorder as a powerful design principle for solid‐state proton conductors.

Small
Silesian University of Technology (PL), Wrocław University of Science and Technology (PL), Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (PL), AGH University of Krakow (PL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 26%
Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Functional Structural Disorder Governing Efficient Proton Transport in Non‐Porous Phosphonic‐Acid‐Based HOFs — Krzysztof Kierzek, Tomasz Misiaszek, et al. · Small (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS