Translating Green Intellectual Capital Into Green Business Strategy: Exploring the Roles of Sustainable Supply Chain Flexibility and Green Organizational Identity

ABSTRACT This study investigates how green intellectual capital (GIC) drives the development of green business strategy (GBS) in the wine industry by examining the mediating roles of sustainable supply chain flexibility (SSCF) and green organizational identity (GOI). Drawing on the intellectual capital–based view (ICBV) and the natural resource–based view (NRBV), a mediation model is estimated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and complemented with importance–performance map analysis (IPMA). The empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 201 Spanish wineries between September 2025 and February 2026. The findings reveal that GIC exerts a positive and significant direct impact on GBS, while also strongly influencing SSCF and GOI. In turn, both SSCF and GOI positively affect GBS and mediate the relationship between GIC and GBS, confirming their role as key organizational mechanisms through which environmental knowledge is translated into strategic action. The IPMA further shows that indicators associated with GIC and GOI exhibit the highest levels of importance in explaining GBS, whereas SSCF indicators, despite moderate performance, play a comparatively less influential role. This study makes three main contributions. First, it advances the literature by conceptualizing GBS as a primary strategic outcome of GIC. Second, it provides an integrated framework that explains how environmental knowledge is operationalized through supply chain flexibility and organizational identity. Third, it offers empirical evidence from the wine industry, emphasizing the importance of aligning intangible resources, organizational values, and operational capabilities to strengthen sustainability‐oriented strategies.