Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of Pediatric Reactive Mucosal Lesions with Clinicopathological Correlations

Introduction: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is an uncommon reactive lesion in children that may demonstrate aggressive behavior and recurrence. This study presents a pediatric case and provides a narrative review of reactive oral mucosal lesions in the pediatric population.Case Report: A 9-year-old boy presented with gingival enlargement in anterior maxilla. Clinical examination revealed excessive plaque accumulation along with rotational malalignment of the maxillary incisor and increased overjet, potentially contributing to plaque retention and chronic mechanical irritation. The lesion was surgically excised and histopathologically diagnosed as PGCG. Recurrence occurred at 11 weeks, requiring deeper excision. No further recurrence was observed during 18-month follow-up.Conclusion: The accompanying narrative review highlights differences in prevalence, histopathology, and recurrence tendencies among common pediatric reactive lesions. Compared with other entities, PGCG demonstrates a relatively higher recurrence potential. Early diagnosis, complete excision, elimination of etiological factors, and interdisciplinary follow-up are essential to minimize recurrence risk.