Cost, Financing, and Institutional Barriers to Green Supply Chain Management Adoption in South-East Nigeria's Building Construction Sector

The construction industry is essential to economic and social development through the provision of residential, commercial, institutional and infrastructure facilities. However, construction activities are associated with substantial consumption of natural resources, energy use, material extraction, transportation and waste generation. These environmental impacts extend across the construction supply chain, involving material manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, transport providers and other project stakeholders. The United Nations Environment Programme and Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction (2024) reported that buildings and construction account for approximately 32% of global energy consumption and 34% of global carbon dioxide emissions. These impacts have increased the need for approaches that integrate environmental considerations into construction processes and supply-chain activities.