The MOND interpolation function and flat rotation curves are mutually exclusive for minimally coupled k-essence
Relativistic formulations of MOND, from RAQUAL to TeVeS, couple the scalar field to matter through a conformal or disformal relation. This choice is standard but has not, to our knowledge, been justified from first principles in the literature. We show that, for a single k-essence scalar, it cannot be dropped. For a k-essence scalar with kinetic function F(X) and minimally coupled matter, so that the scalar acts on test particles only through the back-reaction of its stress-energy tensor on the metric, the circular velocity in the static spherical exterior obeys v^2 ∝ r^(-2/(2n-1)) for F = A X^n. Flat curves are attained only in the limit n → ∞, where the effective profile is ρ ∝ r^-2, an isothermal dark-matter halo. The deep-MOND interpolation μ(x) → x requires n = 3/2, for which v^2 ∝ ln r / r. The two limits are mutually exclusive, and the exclusion extends to any F whose infrared branch is X^(3/2). We further show that demanding exact flatness for arbitrary F fixes F(X) = A(√X − λ)^2 uniquely, which carries a ghost for X < λ^2 and whose μ = F' diverges rather than vanishing as x → 0. The result is not obvious: Armendariz-Picon and Lim obtained asymptotically flat curves from minimally coupled k-essence. We show that none of their configurations reaches the deep-MOND regime, and that their polytropic family reproduces our scaling law exactly, with the MOND value n = 3/2 sitting at the boundary where their curves cease to flatten. Our statement extends to non-canonical kinetic terms a no-go established by Fabri for the minimal canonical scalar, recovering that case as n = 1. A self-contained symbolic verification script (31 checks) and the script generating the figures are included in this record.
Authors
- Juan Pablo Figueroa Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5297-8777)
Institutions
- Secretaría de Salud de Jalisco (MX)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-09-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22953267
- Primary Topic
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Type
- preprint