Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, Benefits, Challenges and Future Scope

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly developing technology that enables physical objects to connect to the internet and exchange data with other devices and systems. These objects may include household appliances, vehicles, industrial machines, medical equipment, agricultural systems, and smart-city infrastructure. IoT combines sensors, communication networks, cloud computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence to collect and process information and support intelligent decision-making. This research paper examines the concept and architecture of IoT, its major technologies, applications, advantages, challenges, security concerns, and future scope. The paper concludes that IoT has significant potential to improve efficiency, automation, safety, and quality of life across various sectors, although privacy, cyber security interoperability, and scalability remain important challenges.