Evaluating the role of immunological and inflammatory markers in infertile female patients in Kirkuk city

Background: Infertility is one of the most complex gynecological diseases in medical sciences, which is defined as a health disorder affecting the reproductive system that leads to the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of engaging in marital relations. It is a major health condition affecting a large number of people worldwide. This study was conducted from November 5, 2025, to December 5, 2025, to evaluate the levels of certain immunological and inflammatory variables in the blood serum of 85 women from Kirkuk, aged 18-40 years. Fifty-five (50) blood samples were randomly collected from women with confirmed gestational age (3 years of marriage) and from a control group of healthy women. Several immunological and inflammatory variables were then measured, including interleukin-6, interleukin-10, TNF-α, IFN-λ, catalase, and peroxynitrite. The results showed significant differences between the two groups at a probability level of P ≤ 0.05... . . .