Dietary melatonin and its benefits on cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality globally, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries. Melatonin, a hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland, exhibits notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may confer cardiovascular benefits. Importantly, melatonin is also found in a wide range of dietary sources, raising the possibility that regular consumption of melatonin-rich foods could offer a low-cost, accessible strategy to support cardiovascular health. This review summarises knowledge on dietary melatonin and evaluates its potential to provide cardiovascular benefits.