Perceptions, acceptability and expectations towards autonomous buses for potential users, including people with travel-limiting disabilities and older people

Introduction Autonomous buses, currently under development could improve the mobility of people. The objective of this study is to identify the perceptions, acceptability and expectations toward such buses of potential future users, including people with travel-limiting disabilities and older people. Methods A methods combining an online survey for potential users and a consultation with experts in mobility and disability was used with non-probability convenience sampling. Potential users were asked to report their eventual mobility limitations, to express their feelings toward autonomous buses, qualities these buses should have, their willingness to use them and their recommendations for the design of an autonomous bus. Experts were asked via email to respond to five open-ended questions on the benefits and disadvantages of an autonomous bus. Results 246 people participated to the online survey, 28 of whom (11%) reporting travel-limiting disabilities. Autonomous buses elicit positive expectations, in particular in relation to an improved mobility service. Main concerns were related to safety, security and accessibility issues, especially due to the lack of human presence. These concerns are more pronounced in people with travel-limiting disabilities. The nine experts' comments confirmed the survey's findings, while also detailing the types of problems anticipated as a result of the lack of driver. Conclusions These results allow to better understand the needs and expectations of potential users, including people with disabilities and older people with regard to the introduction of autonomous buses. Recommendations ensuring the accessibility, safety, and acceptability of autonomous buses for all are proposed.