Resilience enhancement of distribution networks using PV-BESS-EV charging stations under extreme weather events

Electric distribution systems on Islands are highly vulnerable to frequent cyclone-induced outages due to their reliance on radial feeders and dependence on diesel for power generation. This work proposes a two-layer resilience framework that integrates battery storage, solar photovoltaic, and vehicle-to-grid enabled electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The framework combines metaheuristic based EVCS planning with mixed-integer linear programming–based restoration to enhance distribution network resilience under multi-scenario cyclone events. The proposed strategy is validated on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system modelled for a remote island that represents Lakshadweep’s power network. Simulation results demonstrate a reduction in unserved energy by 98.7%, improved recovery from 61.7% to 99.5%, and lower system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) and system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) by 98%, while yielding short resilience payback via diesel and value of lost load (VoLL) savings. Results confirm that renewable-powered EVCS can serve as distributed resilience assets and offer a viable planning pathway for island utilities. A comparative analysis confirms that cost- and resilience-oriented strategies highlight the emerging value of EVCS as distributed resilience assets beyond transportation functionality and present a viable planning tool for island utilities facing increasing weather-driven disruptions.