A Dual-Stage Multi-Reference Spectral-Subtraction Compensation Denoising Algorithm for Measuring Explosion Electromagnetic Radiation Field Strength

Explosion electromagnetic radiation (EEMR) is important for studying explosive detonation, but environmental interference and system frequency-response characteristics influence its electric-field-strength characteristics. This study analyzes EEMR and proposes a dual-stage multi-reference spectral-subtraction compensation denoising (DMSCD) algorithm for field-strength measurement. DMSCD compares signal and pre-sampling noise spectra to identify and attenuate noise-dominant frequency components, and then applies Wiener-gain suppression to overlapping residual noise. To evaluate DMSCD, six baseline algorithms are selected. For 90 EEMR segments from 10 g Φ 20 mm × 20 mm RDX charges, DMSCD reduced the average peak-to-peak error to 74%, lower than that without denoising. Its reconstructed spectra retained clear signal peaks near 40, 126, 221, 270, 388, and 675 MHz, with 160–337 MHz as the main frequency component. Compared with the baseline algorithms, DMSCD more effectively suppressed noise in the frequency domain while preserving time-domain pulse characteristics. In the processing of EEMR, DMSCD can effectively utilize the signal characteristics of the pre-sampling segment to identify and suppress the influence of broadband noise, achieving good denoising performance in the time–frequency domain.