Reimagining Cannabidiol Delivery Through Carbon Nanodots
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly lipophilic phytocannabinoid whose low aqueous solubility, variable oral absorption, extensive first-pass metabolism, and chemical instability motivate advanced delivery strategies. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have tunable surface chemistry and photoluminescence and have been investigated as carriers for multiple therapeutic cargos. This review critically evaluates whether the literature supports a specific CBD–CND delivery advantage. A structured narrative search of PubMed and targeted publisher websites was conducted. Evidence was classified as direct CBD–CND evidence, indirect CND-platform evidence, or indirect CBD-nanoformulation evidence. No direct study was identified that characterized CBD loading on CNDs and then demonstrated release, pharmacokinetics, safety, or therapeutic efficacy. Existing support is therefore indirect: CNDs can carry other drugs, whereas lipid, polymeric, micellar, and transdermal systems can improve selected CBD formulation or preclinical endpoints. Consequently, improved solubility, targeting, lower toxicity, enhanced bioavailability, and therapeutic synergy remain hypotheses for CBD–CND systems. The review retains a broad discussion of possible applications while clearly separating demonstrated evidence from proposed uses and defining the analytical, comparative, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and toxicological studies needed to validate the platform.
Authors
- Olufemi S. Ajayi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-803X)
- Junhuan Xu
- Iddrisu Ibrahim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-1616)
- Joseph Atia Ayariga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-8245)
- James Owusu‐Kwarteng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2703-3393)
- Robertson K. Boakai
- Fortune Akabanda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7619)
- Othreniel A. Forte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2001-985X)
- Nathaniel Ajibola
- Moses Mengu
- Kelci Lawrence (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4134-7575)
- Latrell Huitt
- Navitri Chandra Naidu
Institutions
- Alabama State University (US)
- University of Energy and Natural Resources (GH)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (GH)
- University for Development Studies (GH)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Molecules
- Published
- 2026-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31193404
- Primary Topic
- Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00