Service recipients’ satisfaction with medical and preventive services in primary healthcare institutions: a cross-sectional study in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

To investigate the key factors associated with satisfaction with medical and preventive services among a large sample of residents from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), aiming to provide empirical insights for targeted quality improvement initiatives in primary healthcare. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2025. Residents from 14 divisions/cities of the XPCC were enrolled via convenience sampling. This study analyzed data from a convenience sample ( n = 7,886) covering all 14 divisions/cities of the XPCC, providing empirical data for exploratory analyses. A total of 7,886 valid electronic questionnaires were collected through the Wenjuanxing online survey platform. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarize the participants’ demographic characteristics and their satisfaction levels with medical and preventive services. Between-group differences were examined using the chi-squared test, and a binary logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with residents’ satisfaction with medical and preventive care. Overall satisfaction with medical and preventive services was 68.4% and 67.5%, respectively, indicating that nearly one-third of residents remained dissatisfied. In multivariable analyses, awareness of family doctor services, frequent receipt of family doctor services, and more frequent participation in health education were major factors associated with higher satisfaction with both medical and preventive services. For medical services the values were: awareness of family doctor services OR = 1.367 (95% CI: 1.132–1.652), frequent receipt of family doctor services OR = 3.543 (95% CI: 2.874–4.367), and health education ≥ 5 times OR = 3.315 (95% CI: 2.656–4.139). For preventive services, the corresponding values were: awareness OR = 1.338 (95% CI: 1.113–1.609), frequent receipt OR = 2.106 (95% CI: 1.721–2.576), and health education ≥ 5 times OR = 1.679 (95% CI: 1.382–2.040). For medical services, residents in southern Xinjiang (OR = 1.178,95% CI:1.042–1.331), those enrolled in the Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance scheme (OR = 1.347,95% CI: 1.179–1.539), and individuals reporting poorer self-rated health (poor: OR = 2.177,95% CI: 1.053-4.500); very poor: OR = 3.092,95% CI: 1.493–6.401) showed higher satisfaction, whereas respondents aged 31–40 (OR = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.691–0.988) and 51–60 years (OR = 0.669, 95% CI: 0.555–0.807) reported lower satisfaction. For preventive services, male sex (OR = 0.829, 95% CI: 0.748–0.918), absence of chronic diseases, and lower income were associated with higher satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction was positively associated with age. Lower satisfaction was observed among respondents with annual incomes of RMB 50,000-100,000 (OR = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.772–0.955) and ≥ RMB 150,000 (OR = 0.391, 95% CI: 0.271–0.564), as well as among those with one chronic condition (OR = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.739–0.978). There is considerable room for improvement in XPCC residents’ satisfaction with both medical and preventive services. Awareness of family doctor services, actual service utilization, and frequent participation in health education are common factors positively associated with outcomes across the two service domains, and these should be prioritized as intervention targets. Given the identified differential determinants, including geographic disparities, insurance type, and self-rated health status for medical services, as well as gender, chronic disease status, income level, and age trends for preventive services, there is a need for differentiated strategies targeting specific subpopulations rather than uniform interventions.