Experiences of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Physical Exercise in Adults with Post-COVID-19 Condition and Inspiratory Muscle Weakness: A Qualitative Study

Background/Objectives: Inspiratory muscle training and physical exercise may benefit individuals with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), but little is known about how such interventions are experienced. This study aimed to describe experiences of an individualized intervention combining inspiratory muscle training and physical exercise among adults with PCC and inspiratory muscle weakness. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using inductive content analysis was conducted at a tertiary-level PCC service in Sweden. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 12 adults (11 women; median age 54 years) with PCC and inspiratory muscle weakness who had participated in a previous randomized controlled trial. Results: Participants entered the intervention with varying expectations and perceived it as a meaningful opportunity for self-directed action. They described adapting the intervention through learning, gradual progression, and individual adjustments in response to challenging symptoms and everyday demands as the intervention involved physical and emotional strain, symptom-related uncertainty, and practical challenges. Professional support and regular, flexible follow-up were perceived to support a sense of safety and continued engagement. Perceived outcomes ranged from partial improvements and renewed trust in their bodies to uncertainty, no perceived change, or setbacks. Conclusions: Adults with PCC and inspiratory muscle weakness who were able to participate described both benefits and challenges and often perceived the tailored intervention as a meaningful way to take an active role in rehabilitation while navigating persistent symptoms. Individualized delivery and professional support were perceived to support engagement while accommodating symptom fluctuations, and perceived effects ranged widely. These findings highlight the importance of tailored rehabilitation approaches that address the complex and fluctuating nature of PCC while providing flexible support.