Part IV: Fermionic and Gauge Extensions of the Regulated Araki–BKM Framework

This part extends the finite-cutoff Araki–Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori (BKM) framework tomixed bosonic–fermionic systems and to gauge fields. The operator-algebraic construction is formulated on a Z2-graded von Neumann algebra with an even faithful normal reference state. The modular flow is required to preserve the local grading. The positivity of the BKM Hessian for bounded modular-analytic even perturbations is established from Araki perturbation theory and the non-negativity of relative entropy. A bounded functional-calculus regulator for a smeared stress tensor and a Gaussian modular smoothing are constructed. The existence of the linearized regulated BKM source is kept as an explicit finite-cutoff assumption; it is not inferred merely from the boundedness of the function fM(x) = M tanh(x/M) when the underlying stress tensor is an unbounded affiliated operator. The one-loop matter calculation is then performed explicitly for Dirac, Majorana, Weyl, Maxwell, Yang–Mills, and non-minimally coupled scalar sectors. The bosonic and fermionic determinant signs are kept distinct from the raw Seeley–DeWitt coefficient. For the Standard Model field content consisting of three generations, no right-handed neutrinos, one Higgs doublet, and the gauge group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1), the leading matter-induced Einstein–Hilbert coefficient in the adopted proper-time cutoff scheme is 1 / ℏGSMind = ((1/ 12)− 2ξ) Λ2 / π.The replica calculation is deliberately stated at the level actually controlled by the preceding construction. The Einstein–Hilbert part of the regulated replica effective actiongives the geometric surface term AΣ/(4ℏG). For non-minimally coupled scalars this is an effective-action/Wald-type contribution and is not, without further contact-term analysis, identified with the complete von Neumann matter entropy. For Maxwell and Yang–Mills fields, the bulk determinant must also be distinguished from the gauge edge/contact sector. A complete physical gauge entropy is therefore not claimed here. Finally, the identification of the full informational coefficient with Newton’s constant and the saturation of that coefficient by the leading matter-induced term are stated as separate physical matching assumptions. Finite local R terms, bare terms, and omitted sectors are not fixed by the leading a1Λ2 calculation. Under leading-order saturation,Λ ≃ MPl root( π / (1/12 − 2ξ)), so that on the branch 0 ≤ ξ < 1/24, at the same matching accuracy, Λ ≳√12π MPl, ℓUV ≲ ℓPl√12π ≃ 0.163 ℓPl.This scale relation is conditional on the cutoff/renormalization scheme and on interpreting Λ as a physical microscopic scale.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22944251
Primary Topic
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
preprint

Part IV: Fermionic and Gauge Extensions of the Regulated Araki–BKM Framework

Iraklis Margaritis
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
preprint

Part IV: Fermionic and Gauge Extensions of the Regulated Araki–BKM Framework

Iraklis Margaritis
preprint en

Abstract

This part extends the finite-cutoff Araki–Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori (BKM) framework tomixed bosonic–fermionic systems and to gauge fields. The operator-algebraic construction is formulated on a Z2-graded von Neumann algebra with an even faithful normal reference state. The modular flow is required to preserve the local grading. The positivity of the BKM Hessian for bounded modular-analytic even perturbations is established from Araki perturbation theory and the non-negativity of relative entropy. A bounded functional-calculus regulator for a smeared stress tensor and a Gaussian modular smoothing are constructed. The existence of the linearized regulated BKM source is kept as an explicit finite-cutoff assumption; it is not inferred merely from the boundedness of the function fM(x) = M tanh(x/M) when the underlying stress tensor is an unbounded affiliated operator. The one-loop matter calculation is then performed explicitly for Dirac, Majorana, Weyl, Maxwell, Yang–Mills, and non-minimally coupled scalar sectors. The bosonic and fermionic determinant signs are kept distinct from the raw Seeley–DeWitt coefficient. For the Standard Model field content consisting of three generations, no right-handed neutrinos, one Higgs doublet, and the gauge group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1), the leading matter-induced Einstein–Hilbert coefficient in the adopted proper-time cutoff scheme is 1 / ℏGSMind = ((1/ 12)− 2ξ) Λ2 / π.The replica calculation is deliberately stated at the level actually controlled by the preceding construction. The Einstein–Hilbert part of the regulated replica effective actiongives the geometric surface term AΣ/(4ℏG). For non-minimally coupled scalars this is an effective-action/Wald-type contribution and is not, without further contact-term analysis, identified with the complete von Neumann matter entropy. For Maxwell and Yang–Mills fields, the bulk determinant must also be distinguished from the gauge edge/contact sector. A complete physical gauge entropy is therefore not claimed here. Finally, the identification of the full informational coefficient with Newton’s constant and the saturation of that coefficient by the leading matter-induced term are stated as separate physical matching assumptions. Finite local R terms, bare terms, and omitted sectors are not fixed by the leading a1Λ2 calculation. Under leading-order saturation,Λ ≃ MPl root( π / (1/12 − 2ξ)), so that on the branch 0 ≤ ξ < 1/24, at the same matching accuracy, Λ ≳√12π MPl, ℓUV ≲ ℓPl√12π ≃ 0.163 ℓPl.This scale relation is conditional on the cutoff/renormalization scheme and on interpreting Λ as a physical microscopic scale.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.