Mathematical model development of type 2 diabetes mellitus considering insulin sensitivity and control of glucose using sliding mode approach

A mathematical model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is developed in this paper, by which the dynamics of the disease can be predicted with the aid of the related extracted ordinary differential equations. The important biological factors, including physical activities and insulin sensitivity, are considered in modeling the disease. Unlike previous models that mainly focused on type 1 diabetes or simplified Bergman-based approaches, the proposed model takes into account the complex dynamics of type 2 diabetes and enables the simultaneous regulation of glucose and insulin effectiveness using two controlling inputs. Also, an efficient control strategy based on a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is designed and implemented on the extracted model. This controller is a robust, nonlinear, and closed-loop compensator by which the glucose level of the blood can be stabilized effectively. This controller is able to customize the therapy for type 2 diabetes and provide a framework that can help physicians personalize the treatment regimens based on each individual’s insulin sensitivity. With the aid of some simulation scenarios in MATLAB, the accuracy and correctness of the proposed model are shown. Also, the efficiency of the designed controller in managing the glucose level of the blood is verified by conducting some comparative and analytical simulations. Results confirm that the developed framework enables both reliable monitoring and successful regulation of glucose levels in the presence of diverse biological influences.