Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider

Discovering new fundamental physics requires spotting subtle deviations between theoretical predictions and experimental data. This delicate comparison hinges on the precise knowledge of the integrated luminosity, the measure of how many particle interactions were actually delivered by the collider. Here, we report a landmark measurement of the integrated luminosity by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). By calibrating multiple independent monitors through specialized beam-separation techniques and rigorously validating their long-term stability against well-understood Z boson production rates, we comprehensively map and minimize systematic uncertainties. Combining the findings yields a total integrated luminosity precision of 0.73% for the entire data set. This marks the most precise luminosity measurement ever achieved at a bunched-beam hadron collider. Crossing the sub-percent precision threshold per data taking year fundamentally sharpens our ability to test the standard model and establishes a vital baseline for the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC era.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review X
Published
2026-10-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/z66w-rl89
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider

D. Liko, M. Sonawane, Paul Malek, S. Turkcapar et al.
Physical Review X
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
article

Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider

D. Liko, M. Sonawane, Paul Malek, S. Turkcapar, Soumya Dansana, Jan van der Linden, Maryam Shooshtari, M. De Coen, N. Van Den Bossche, S. Van Putte, G. De Lentdecker, Priya Sajid Hussain, A. De Moor, Hugues Evard, Natascha Krammer, H. Kwon, Pavlo Kashko, Ilia Kalaitzidou, A. Tumasyan, Andrea Malara, David Kavtaradze, Inna Makarenko, Gilvan Augusto Alves, Adina Maria Tomaru, M. Delcourt, David Marckx, T. Van Laer, G. P. Van Onsem, Alessandra Cappati, H. Aarup Petersen, Chaochen Yuan, G. Bruno, M. Vanden Bemden, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, D. Dobur, A. Benecke, G. Gökbulut, Ali Kaan Guven, Y. Hong, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, Jas Bierkens, Daniel Ocampo Henao, Eliott Ducarme, Franco Caviglia Roman, Claudia Wulz, Robert Schoefbeck, Kai Kang, Saranya Nandakumar, Karam Kaspar, Francisco Gameiro Casalinho, Donya Ahmadi, Tiepolo Wybouw, Felix Johannes Heyen, Amber Kristin Cauwels, Oguz Guzel, Arzunik Gevorgyan, Mark Nicholas Matthewman, Cristina Giordano, Laurent Favart, Bugra Bilin, Fengwangdong Zhang, Ankita Mehta, Steven Lowette, Vladimir Makarenko, Muhammad Aamir Shahzad, Manfred Jeitler, Michael Tytgat, Thomas Bergauer, Zak Lawrence, Stefan Gundacker, Pascal Vanlaer, Wolfgang Adam, Vincent Lemaitre, Majid Hussain, Lisa Benato, Laurent Thomas, Nordin Breugelmans, Chirayu Gupta, Pierre Van Mechelen, Jochen Schieck, Aram Hayrapetyan, Kirill Skovpen, Eduardo Alves Coelho, Tahys Janssen, Aloke Kumar Das, David Vannerom, Wolfgang Waltenberger, Agni Bethani, Isabelle De Bruyn, Ali Khalilzadeh, Marko Dragicevic, Christophe Delaere, Andrea Giammanco, Aya Beshr, Barbara Clerbaux, Catherine Vander Velde, Stefaan Tavernier, J. Lidrych
article en

Abstract

Discovering new fundamental physics requires spotting subtle deviations between theoretical predictions and experimental data. This delicate comparison hinges on the precise knowledge of the integrated luminosity, the measure of how many particle interactions were actually delivered by the collider. Here, we report a landmark measurement of the integrated luminosity by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). By calibrating multiple independent monitors through specialized beam-separation techniques and rigorously validating their long-term stability against well-understood Z boson production rates, we comprehensively map and minimize systematic uncertainties. Combining the findings yields a total integrated luminosity precision of 0.73% for the entire data set. This marks the most precise luminosity measurement ever achieved at a bunched-beam hadron collider. Crossing the sub-percent precision threshold per data taking year fundamentally sharpens our ability to test the standard model and establishes a vital baseline for the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC era.

Physical Review X
Openalex Percentile: Top 26%
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon