LEXICAL-SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATION OF CLIMATE-ADAPTIVE AGRICULTURAL TERMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK

This article examines lexical-semantic transformations that occur when climate-related agricultural terminology is transferred from English into Uzbek. The analysis focuses on such units as climate-smart agriculture, climate-resilient agriculture, climate-informed planning, drought-tolerant crops, water-use efficiency, conservation agriculture, precision irrigation, mitigation, adaptation, and early warning system. The study applies comparative-semantic, componential, contextual and terminological-equivalence methods. Particular attention is paid to calquing, semantic narrowing and broadening, component substitution, descriptive translation and borrowing. The findings show that a number of English terms are represented in Uzbek not by complete conceptual equivalents but by forms in which one semantic component is strengthened while another is weakened. In particular, the Uzbek rendering of climate-smart agriculture as “iqlimga moslashuvchan qishloq xo‘jaligi” is communicatively clear, yet it does not equally foreground all three dimensions of the source concept: productivity, adaptation/resilience and mitigation. The article argues that the standardization of new agricultural terminology in Uzbek should be based not only on lexical correspondence but also on the conceptual scope of terms in international scientific discourse.