Influence of weave architecture on the tensile properties of aramid 3D warp interlock woven composites for structural applications

As three-dimensional (3D) fabrics are increasingly used as reinforcement, tailoring fabric architecture to achieve desired physical and mechanical properties has become essential. In this study, two distinct layered 3D warp interlock fabrics with different numbers of warp layers were designed. By further varying weft density and lamination method, six aramid 3D warp interlock woven composites were prepared. The effects of specimen cutting angle, weft density, and lamination on tensile properties were systematically investigated through tensile tests, and the failure modes and damage mechanisms were examined using optical microscopy. The results show that the tensile strength and modulus of the composites are governed by the number of load-bearing yarns along the loading direction and the weaving angle, while the degree of yarn cross-sectional curvature also exerts a significant influence. In laminated 3D warp interlock woven composites, the strain mismatch between warp and weft yarns at the interface is responsible for the variation in tensile properties. By clarifying the relationship between reinforcement architecture and failure mode, this study provides a basis for the purposeful design of fabric and lamination configurations and their practical applications.