Frequency-domain kernel shift for full-color binocular holographic near-eye display on a single phase-only SLM

Holographic near-eye displays address the vergence–accommodation conflict (VAC) by reconstructing true three-dimensional wavefronts. However, achieving full-color binocular holography with a single spatial light modulator (SLM) remains challenging, as per-eye deflection introduces wavelength-dependent diffraction. In conventional spatial-domain approaches, digital blazed gratings suffer from aliasing once the required deflection exceeds the Nyquist limit imposed by SLM sampling, causing RGB channels to deflect to different angles and resulting in visible chromatic dispersion. We propose the Shifted-Kernel Gerchberg-Saxton (SK-GS) algorithm, which encodes per-eye deflection as a wavelength-dependent lateral shift in the angular-spectrum propagation kernel rather than as a sinusoidal carrier on the SLM pixel grid. This formulation employs a continuous shift parameter and inherently enforces 1/ λ scaling, ensuring that all RGB channels are aligned to the same physical deflection angle. As a result, SK-GS eliminates the wavelength-dependent aliasing that limits in-loop chromatic grating GS (ICG-GS) and prevents RGB co-registration beyond the Nyquist-limited deflection angle. Simulations from 0° to 6° show that ICG-GS exhibits severe chromatic dispersion beyond the Nyquist limit, while SK-GS maintains consistent, color-aligned deflection. The Pearson correlation coefficient (CC) advantage increases from 4 to 8 % below Nyquist to nearly a fourfold improvement at 6°. Optical experiments validate these results. Combined with time-division multiplexing on a single phase-only SLM, the proposed method enables compact full-color binocular holographic near-eye displays.